However, subsequent studies have also revealed a deleterious effect of NF-κB inhibition in neonatal hypoxia (Nijboer et al., 2008) and an increase of neuronal death after transient ischemia in p50 deficient mice (Duckworth et al., 2006) raising the possibility for a dual role of NF-κB in stroke. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is Stroke.