P4HB and dengue disease: In addition, a series of studies have shown that DENV-specific antibodies exhibited cross-reactivity against a number of host antigens, including H+-transporter/ATP synthase, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), vimentin, heat shock protein 60, fibrinogen and plasminogen (Chuang et al. 2011; Lin et al. 2011; Liu et al. 2011) and have been implicated in the pathogensis of dengue by inducing abnormal activation and functions of platelets and endothelial cells, leading to endothelial cell apoptosis and hemorrhage in experimental animals (Falconar 1997; Sun et al. 2007).