Particularly, patients in cluster 5 (13 with CVID, 1 with IgG SD and 2 with Good’s syndrome), 63% of whom suffering PHID complications, were characterized by a severe loss of CD19 + CD27 + IgD- switched memory B-cells whereas patients in clusters 3 and 4, mainly with CVID (75% and 88% of whom having PHID complications, respectively) were characterized by increased HLA-DR + activation of T-cells. Here, CD19 is linked to common variable immunodeficiency.