As we found a strong association between PHID complications and increased CD8+ HLA-DR + T-cells (expressed as percentages of CD8+ lymphocytes) and because CD8+ HLA-DR + has been involved in CVID[12], we examined whether the inclusion of CD8+ HLA-DR + in addition to EUROclass criteria, would improve the prediction of CVID complications (Table 6). This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and common variable immunodeficiency.