Agranulocytosis was revealed by an infectious process in 2 cases: in one case (Patient 9), a dermo-hypodermitis with 2 episodes of severe pneumonia that required mechanical ventilation; in the other case (Patient 14), a febrile neutropenia in a context of myelodysplastic syndrome with a persistent diarrhea that revealed a CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the lamina propria of the rectum (Figure 2A,Table 8). The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is myelodysplastic syndrome.