ATM and malignant colon neoplasm: Similarly, some hereditary cancer predisposition syndromes such as ataxia telangiectasia, Li-Fraumeni, and Nijmegen syndromes, breast and ovarian cancer or colon cancer (HNPCC) predisposition, and Xeroderma pigmentosum show lesions in genes involved in the DDR machinery (ATM, p53, NBS1, BRCA-1/2, MMR genes, and NER genes) [23].