CP and infection: Because infected macrophages are long-lived [40,41] and resistant to CTL suppression [42,43], and HIV-1 particles within infected macrophages are protected from neutralization antibodies [44-46] and can be transmitted efficiently to T cells [47,48], we compared infection of PBMCs and MDMs mediated by representative Envs from each of the T/F clusters in six of eight CP and all four RP macaques to determine if the latter plays a role in post-acute infection.