Furthermore, to rule out the possibility that Nef induced endothelial dysfunction is due to artificially high Nef concentrations caused by overexpression in endothelial cells, we used the Nef co-culture based transfer system as described above, in which Nef protein shuttles from Nef transfected Jurkat cells into cocultured HCAEC. The gene discussed is S100B; the disease is endothelial dysfunction.