Direct sequencing of the two Mayo probands and their five relatives with hypodontia revealed the presence of a common P50S missense variant in exon 10 of the AXIN2 gene in one of the two probands with colon cancer and tooth agenesis, in four siblings with tooth agenesis but not colon cancer, and in one unaffected sibling (no colon cancer and no tooth agenesis). Here, AXIN2 is linked to colonic neoplasm.