INS and diabetes mellitus: Of the patients in the control group, 20 had history of severe COPD (23.8%), 6 had dyspnea with minimal exertion (7.1%), 10 were at least partially dependent (11.9%), 28 were smoking within the past year (33.3%), 31 had ASA class of more than 2 (36.9%), 26 had diabetes treated with insulin (31.0%), and 20 had steroid use for chronic condition (23.8%).