From the chylous effusion of a patient affected by LAM associated with TSC, we isolated a homogenous population (LAM/TSC cells) positive to α-actin antibody, marker of smooth muscle cells, hamartin, and the specific markers for TSC and LAM cells, HMB45 and CD44v6 antibodies (Fig. 1A). Here, TSC2 is linked to tuberous sclerosis.