LCN2 and injury: Newer biomarkers such as NGAL (Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin), KIM-18 (Kidney Injury Molecule-18), and cystatin C may provide expanded insight into ACE-I/ARB-related risk for CIN, but these novel biomarkers of kidney injury are not routinely used in clinical practice to assess kidney injury or modify interventions [32–35].