HMGB1 and Sepsis: In this study, we showed that Gu-4 significantly improved the survival of septic animals caused by CLP, which was positively correlated with the decrease of serum HMGB1 level, and further in vitro experimental data suggested that Gu-4 exerted its therapeutic effects on CLP-induced sepsis, at least in part, by inhibiting the LPS-induced release of HMGB1 from macrophages and by suppressing the pro-inflammatory activity of HMGB1.