Ndi1 is a versatile enzyme that can bypass a malfunctioning complex I to restore downstream electron transfer while at the same time suppressing ROS overproduction.88 Successful rescue of optic nerve degeneration was achieved using the yeast Ndi1 gene in a rat model of LHON that was generated by the injection of rotenone-loaded microspheres into the optic layer of the rat superior colliculus.88 The gene discussed is AVPR2; the disease is Leber hereditary optic neuropathy.