PMAIP1 and viral infectious disease: Noxa has been described as an important determinant of cell death in response to chemotherapy in lymphoid malignancies including CLL, HL, MM and MCL cells.83, 84, 85, 86 Furthermore, array-based comparative genomic hybridization and gene-expression microarray analysis showed that Noxa is mutated and preferentially silenced in DLBL.60 Gene-targeting experiments of noxa in mice displayed defects in T-and B-cell activation and the immune response against viral infection.87, 88 Furthermore, Noxa was shown to be centrally involved in neutrophils apoptosis.89