PRKAA2 and chronic myelogenous leukemia, BCR-ABL1 positive: Pharmacological activation of AMPK by AICAR or metformin commonly shows a strong inhibition of cell growth or induces apoptosis in a wide spectrum of cancer cells, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and Ph + acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) [18,19] as well as breast [20], cervical [16] and ovarian [17,21] cancers, which indicates that AMPK activity may hinder or enhance cancer oncogenesis.