For the NOS3-1799983 SNP loci, in the 26–32.9 weeks of gestational age subgroup, GG and GT genotype frequencies were 41.3% and 56.3% of the control group and 65.8% and 30.8% of the RDS group, respectively (P = 0.001), there were marked increases in the G allele frequencies in the RDS groups in this gestational age group (P < 0.05). This evidence concerns the gene NOS3 and newborn respiratory distress syndrome.