However, it has also been reported that wortmannin, by blocking Akt activation and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP1) upregulation, could enhance Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase 1 (MAPK1) and phosphorylation of the p38 MAPK, as well as cytokine release in murine BMM following infection with LVS (Medina et al., 2010). The gene discussed is DUSP1; the disease is infection.