In this role, Nrf2 activity has been demonstrated to be an important disease modifier in many oxidative/inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, sepsis, cerebral hemorrhage, and pulmonary fibrosis, where decreased Nrf2 activity exacerbates disease progression (Cho et al., 2004; Rangasamy et al., 2005; Thimmulappa et al., 2006; Wang et al., 2007). This evidence concerns the gene NFE2L2 and pulmonary fibrosis.