TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Between the 17 patients identified in the present study affected by RA as baseline diagnosis, three patients were reported with positive anti-Jo-1 antibodies before to the initiation of these anti-TNF-α therapy, another patient became positive for this autoantibodies after treatment with TNF-α blockers (in the absence of previous ANA positivity), and another two cases were reported as positive for anti-PL-7 and PL-12 antibodies after the introduction of etanercept [14–25].