NOS2 and multiple system atrophy: Interestingly, microglial and astroglial activation due to pro-inflammatory molecules and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) have been implicated with neurodegenerative processes in MSA (Stefanova et al., 2007) and Nrf2 deficiency in combination with the presence of α-Syn has been shown to cause increased neuronal death and inflammation in early-stage PD (Lastres-Becker et al., 2012).