TNF and autoimmune disease: These results may have important clinical implications as they suggest that the use of inhibitors of mutated and thus hyper-activated Ras (such inhibitors are now in clinical trials, [2]) as well as inhibitors of TNFα (currently in use for the clinical treatment of autoimmune diseases [6]) may be considered in patients whose tumor cells do not carry any intrinsic Ras mutation, but do express high levels of TNFα, as is often the case in breast cancer and possibly in other malignancies as well.