In fact, in more than 10 years, 2 to 5 cases were diagnosed as MDS/sPAP annually in our analyses for serum GM-CSF autoantibody in over 600 diagnosed PAP cases from all over Japan; thus, we have finally reached cumulative 31 cases with MDS/sPAP. The gene discussed is CSF2; the disease is pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.