TARDBP and Alzheimer disease: These studies attempted to determine if this hypothesis was true, and the results indicate 1) that soluble, full-length, untagged rTDP-43 may be purified to homogeneity using it propensity to aggregate and ammonium sulfate, 2) that kinases implicated in Alzheimer's disease can promote this rTDP-43 polymerization into 10–12 nm wide filaments as observed in FTLD-TDP and related disease and 3) that Hsp70 and 90 can inhibit this TDP-43 filament assembly and even depolymerize assembled TDP-43 filaments indicating they are recognized as abnormal.