CD163 and coinfection: Patients with HCV-HIV co-infection and/or active HIV replication after 48 weeks on ART (n = 5) had a significantly increased sCD163 concentration and sCD163/sTWEAK ratio compared with patients without HCV-HIV co-infection and controlled viral replication (n = 21) [1,290 (IQR 997–2,152) vs. 776 (IQR 501–951) ng/ml; P = 0.01 and 4.08 (IQR 3.04–9.01) vs. 2.15 (IQR 1.3–2.71); P<0.001, respectively].