CXCR4 and breast carcinoma: Based upon our prior investigations examining the specific mechanisms of CXCL12 promoter hypermethylation in colorectal and breast cancers [24], [25], these data suggest that CXCL12 expression is regulated through epigenetic mechanisms in pancreatic cancer as well.Cumulatively, thesedata indicate CXCL12 gene repression in human tissueand a battery of new and established PDAC cell lines.The MiaPaCa2 cell line was identified as an ideal model, as its CXCL12-CXCR4-CXCR7 expression pattern mimics that observed in malignant human PDAC tissue.