Increased protein expression of ERp46 has been demonstrated previously in human non-small cell lung carcinoma [25] and colorectal adenoma and cancer [26] and an upregulation of ERp46 at the transcriptional level has also been shown in human cervical, gastric, lung and uterine cancer, albeit in a very limited number of samples [27]. The gene discussed is TXNDC5; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.