MicroRNAs are among the molecules identified as physiological and pathological regulators of key genes involved in AD, including APP (Patel et al., 2008; Hebert et al., 2009; Liu et al., 2010; Vilardo et al., 2010; Long and Lahiri, 2011; Smith et al., 2011; Long et al., 2012; Liang et al., 2012), BACE1 (Hébert et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2008; Boissonneault et al., 2009; Fang et al., 2012; Zhu et al., 2012) and microtubule associated protein tau, MAPT (Hébert et al., 2010). This evidence concerns the gene APP and Alzheimer disease.