ANXA1 and glomerular disorder: In summary, we demonstrated that (1) the detection of ANXA1 protein in the urine may be helpful as a noninvasive approach for the diagnosis and prognostic prediction of various glomerular injury; (2) ANXA1 can be used as a sensitive urinary biomarker in a rapid test allowing most forms of glomerular disorders to be differentiated from MCD; (3) ANXA1 shows potential for differentiating between secondary and primary glomerular disorders; and (4) ANXA1 and ANXA2 can serve as injury markers and may play roles in the persistence and progression of glomerular disorders.