Furthermore, more frequent, but less penetrant, mutations have been identified in families with breast cancer clustering, in moderate or low penetrant genes, such as CHEK2 (checkpoint kinase 2), ATM (ataxia telangiectasia mutated), PALB2 (partner and localizer of BRCA2), and BRIP1 (BRCA1-interacting protein C-terminal helicase 1). This evidence concerns the gene ATM and breast cancer.