HOTAIR and breast carcinoma: On the other hand, the depletion of HOTAIR downregulates some genes implicated in tumor invasion and proliferation; NTM is expressed in fetal brain at higher levels than that in mature brain and is more highly expressed in nervous tumors than that in normal brain tissues 33; PTK2B mediates cell proliferation and invasiveness in HCC cells by upregulation of the c-Src and ERK/MAPK-signaling pathway, and is related to progression and metastasis in breast cancer, together with focal adhesion kinase 34,35.