Especially, we measured AFP-L3 with two different methods, conventional method (cAFP-L3) and a new sensitive method (highly sensitive AFP-L3, hsAFP-L3), which showed improved utility in the diagnosis and the prediction of outcomes in patients with HCC 16, and evaluated changes in these two AFP-L3s after hepatectomy along with their ability to predict outcomes. This evidence concerns the gene AFP and hepatocellular carcinoma.