STAT1 and osteoarthritis: Genome-wide gene expression analysis (using micro-array approaches) between RA and osteoarthritis (OA) synovial tissues have shown clear gene signatures differentiating diseases (Table 1).39, 40 Groups of genes associated with RA clearly identified adaptive inflammatory response-related genes, bone and cartilage degradation enzymes and transcription factors, particularly the STAT1 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 1) pathway.