In comparison to healthy volunteers, T2DM patients exhibited significantly reduced interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-15, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as significantly elevated IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), and caspase-1, while lymphocyte subsets did not differ. The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.