As JNK inhibition decreased the phosphorylation levels of mTOR downstream targets, including p70S6K (Figure 5A) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) (Figure 5D), it is reasonable to suggest that JNK regulates the activity of mTOR through Raptor in human CCA cells. This evidence concerns the gene RPTOR and cholangiocarcinoma.