However, in the present model of cDNA administration that results in systemic expression of IL-12+IL-18, we have previously reported an ambiguous role for IFNγ, as its reduction improved survival but its complete abrogation induced 100% death of mice treated with IL-12 or IL-12+IL-18 (probably due to pulmonary edema) [18], [35]. Here, IFNG is linked to pulmonary edema.