Thus, the local, transient, and high level activation of JNK was important in regenerating the midgut epithelium.In the case of young βint-ν mutants, similar local defects such as high cell turnover and high level (but not transient) JNK activation in the EC-like /ee cells (Figure 5 and 7) were observed, which led us to the idea that the state of βint-ν mutant midgut mimics the stressed/damaged conditions such as infection by bacteria (Figure 8B). The gene discussed is MAPK8; the disease is infection.