Possibly, anti-OX40 mAb treatment may upregulate the expression of PD-L1 on tumor cells and also that of PD-1 expression on the corresponding T cells as described previously for anti-CD137 antibody [49], providing the target for anti-PD-1 mAb and the basis for synergy between anti-PD-1 and anti-OX40 mAb. Here, TNFRSF4 is linked to neoplasm.