TNFRSF4 and cancer: As an endogenous non-mutated antigen, mesothelin should be naturally tolerized against; therefore, the induction of mesothelin-specific CTL response by anti-PD-1/OX40 mAb treatment indicates that endogenous tolerance to mesothelin was overcome, which is consistent with previous studies showing the presence of mesothelin-specific immune response in patients with cancers expressing high level of mesothelin [45], [46].