Thus in the current study we have evaluated the association of ABCB1 and ABCG2 genetic polymorphisms with AED resistance in a uniform cohort of subjects with South Indian (Kerala) ancestry: MTLE-HS (prototype of AED-resistant epilepsy syndrome), JME (prototype of AED-responsive epilepsy syndrome) and ethnically matched non-epilepsy controls. This evidence concerns the gene ABCB1 and epilepsy.