APOA5 and metabolic syndrome: The human APOA5 gene is located at chromosome 11q23 [20], displays a few polymorphisms in the promoter region (e.g., -1131T>C, -3A>G, S19W, IVS3+476G>A, 1259T>C, and G185C), which associated with high plasma triglyceride (TG) levels [23], [25]–[28] and TG-related diseases such as metabolic syndrome [29], atherosclerotic diseases [30] and Alzheimer's disease [31].