EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: On the other hand, during the last decade, several molecular-targeted agents—for example, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) such as erlotinib and gefitinib—have emerged for treatment of NSCLC [6], as well as in the neoadjuvant setting, which has also shown to be effective in a subset of patients with NSCLC [7]–[10].