To determine if VEEV activates the NF-κB signaling cascade, U87MGs were either mock infected, treated with LPS (1 μg/mL) or infected with UV-TC-83 or TC-83 (MOI: 1) and at 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours post-infection cells were lysed. Here, NFKB1 is linked to infection.