To determine whether miR-BART9 directly targets E-cadherin, we performed a 3′UTR reporter assay and found that over-expression of miR-BART9 decreased the activity of a luciferase reporter fused to the wild type E-cadherin 3′UTR, but not to the mutant 3′UTR in the three types of NPC cells (Figure 5B). This evidence concerns the gene CDH1 and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.