VCAM1 and breast carcinoma: In addition, we also discovered that VCAM-1 activation was involved in the development of chemoresistance in NMuMG breast cancer cells after exposure to low-dose doxorubicin in vitro, and VCAM-1 may contribute to the activation of CD44 and ABCG2 pathways in NMuMG and MDAMB231 cells.