PTEN and tuberous sclerosis: Mutations in genes of this pathway have been associated with other conditions encompassing epilepsy and/or ASD, such as the Tuberous Sclerosis complex [43] and other megalencephaly syndromes [44,45], suggesting that disinhibited PTEN/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling may represent a key mechanism implicated in the pathogenesis of ASD, seizures and brain overgrowth.