Additionally, a diagnosis of renal impairment (OR for top 20% regression vs. top 10% regression: 2.2 vs. 2.4; both P < 0.0001), a diagnosis of obesity (OR for top 20% regression vs. top 10% regression: 2.0 vs. 2.1; both P < 0.0001), receipt of insulin (OR for top 20% regression vs. top 10% regression: 2.7 vs. 2.1; both P < 0.0001), and a diagnosis of hypertension (OR for top 20% regression vs. top 10% regression: 1.5 vs. 1.6; both P < 0.0001) were all found to be associated with a significant increase in the odds of being an HC patient. Here, INS is linked to obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.