We have shown that long term treatment with exenatide dose-dependently down-regulates the mRNA expression of myocardial p22phox and NOX4, dose-independently down-regulates the expression of myocardial adiponectin receptor 1, and dose-independently up-regulates the level of plasma adiponectin and the expression of myocardial AMPK-α, GLUT4 and Cu-Zn-SOD without lowering blood glucose in a streptozotocin-induced rat model of type 1 diabetes. This evidence concerns the gene ADIPOQ and type 1 diabetes mellitus.