Thallinger et al. found that the addition of daptomycin at a therapeutically relevant concentration of 40 μg/ml in an experimental model of human endotoxemia had no effect on cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), neither on the mRNA nor on the protein levels (59). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is serum lipopolysaccharide activity.