PANX1 and retinal ischemia: Active involvement of hemichannels, particularly Panx1, has been documented in various CNS and PNS pathologies, including hippocampal neuron ischemia (Thompson et al., 2006), retinal ischemia-reperfusion, in human spinal cord injury and thromboembolytic stroke, white matter ischemic injuries, spreading depression, inflammatory enteric colitis, and pain formation (de Rivero Vaccari et al., 2008; Zhang et al., 2008; Abulafia et al., 2009; Domercq et al., 2010; Orellana et al., 2010; Bargiotas et al., 2011; Dvoriantchikova et al., 2012b; Karatas et al., 2013).