GSK3B and type 1 diabetes mellitus: Of note, we (Planel et al., 2007b), and others (Clodfelder-Miller et al., 2006; Deng et al., 2009), have demonstrated that GSK-3β is inhibited in STZ-induced T1DM mice, and our data demonstrated that this inhibition can be attributed to hypothermia (Planel et al., 2001), as GSK-3β S9 phosphorylation is a constant feature of hypothermia in mouse brain during metabolic stress (Planel et al., 2004) or anesthesia (Planel et al., 2007a).