MiRNAs can notably regulate whole biological pathways; for example, miR-181 controls mouse hematopoiesis (Chen et al., 2004), miR-608 targets two inflammation-related transcripts, CDC42 and IL6 (Jeyapalan et al., 2011; Kang et al., 2011) and miR-221 controls multiple cancer pathways (Lupini et al., 2013). This evidence concerns the gene CDC42 and cancer.